Exclusive cigarette smoking prevalence was significantly higher and declined more slowly among individuals with chronic pain (17.7% in 2014 and 13.1% in 2023) than among those without (12.5% in 2014 and 7.5% in 2023; p<0.001). Adjusting for age, sex/gender, and race/ethnicity, both exclusive E-cigarette use and dual use prevalence were higher in the chronic pain group across all years. Exclusive E-cigarette use increased at similar rates among individuals with (1.4% in 2014 and 5.6% in 2023) and without (1.2% in 2014 and 4.5% in 2023; ps<0.001) chronic pain; dual use prevalence declined at similar rates among individuals with (4.6% in 2014 and 2.7% in 2023) and without (2.3% in 2014 and 1.5% in 2023) chronic pain.
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